Hematology is a branch of medicine that studies blood, blood-forming organs, and their diseases. Blood, as the main life-supporting component of the body, plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis, transporting oxygen, nutrients, and removing metabolic waste. Disturbances in the functioning of this system can lead to serious diseases, including anemia, leukemia, thrombosis, etc. In this article, we will consider the main areas of modern hematology and the role of drugs in the treatment of its pathologies.